Resources/References

The following categories include optional additional learning resources related to phantom limb pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use, complementary treatments and veterans.

Click the link below each entry to access additional information. Note that material may be subject to individual copyright protections. It is included here for informational purposes only.

Pain

Anatomy and physiology of pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219252/

Gate theory of pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4009371/

Nociceptive pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK32659/

Neuropathic pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1810425/

Pain sensitization: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2750819/

Pain management in veterans: http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/research_topics/pain.cfm

Phantom limb pain mechanisms: http://www.inifoundation.org/index.php/education/neuroscienceanthology/198-phantom-limb-pain-mechanisms

Trevelyan 2016: Perceptions of phantom limb pain…and its effect on quality of life: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4977953/

Knotkova 2012: Current and future options for the management of phantom limb pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3308715/

Pain Assessment Tools

Note that tools may be subject to individual copyright protections. They are included here for informational purposes only.

Unidimensional Pain Assessment Tools:

Numeric pain rating scale: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/PDF%20Library/Numeric%20Pain %20Rating%20Scale%20Instructions.pdf

Faces scale: http://wongbakerfaces.org/

Visual analog scale: https://www.painedu.org/downloads/nipc/pain%20assessment%20s cales.pdf#page=4

Verbal pain intensity scale: http://www.painedu.org/Downloads/NIPC/Pain%20Assessment%20 Scales.pdf#page=5

FLACC scale: http://prc.coh.org/PainNOA/Flacc_Tool.pdf

Multidimensional Pain Assessment Tools:

Brief pain inventory: http://www.npcrc.org/files/news/briefpain_short.pdf

McGill pain questionnaire: https://www.gembeta.org/public/DownloadMeasure.aspx?mid=1348

PADT: https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/files/PainAssessment DocumentationTool.pdf

West Haven-Yale MPI: http://www.va.gov/PAINMANAGEMENT/docs/WHYMPI.pdf

PQRST Pain assessment http://www.crozerkeystone.org/healthcareprofessionals/nursing/pqrst-pain-assessment-method/

Substance Use

DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782

Naloxone: A Brief Overview: https://spark.adobe.com/page/LxeGfguKyOP36/

Substance Abuse Assessment tools: CAGE-AID (adapted to include drugs): http://www.integration.samhsa.gov/images/res/CAGEAID.pdf

Opioid Risk Tool (ORT): http://pcssmat.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Opioid-Risk-Tool.pdf

NIDA Drug Use Screening Tool: https://www.drugabuse.gov/nmassist/

VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: https://www.va.gov/PAINMANAGEMENT/docs/CPG_opioidtherapy_fullt ext.pdf

Drug Abuse Screen Test: https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/clinical-practice/sbirt/DAST.pdf

NIDA Drug Use Screening Tool: Quick Screen: https://www.drugabuse.gov/nmassist/

Mental Health

Overview of PTSD: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stressdisorder-basics/index.shtml

Overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Nilamadhab 2011: Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083990/

Overview of sleep apnea: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/resources/sleep/slpaprsk.pdf

STOP BANG tool for sleep apnea: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/a am/ame/guide/media/STOP%20BANG%20Questionnaire.pdf

Bloom 2009: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Assessment and Management of Sleep Disorders https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748127/

Lambiase 2014: Utility of actiwatch sleep monitor to assess waking movement https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24781894

Complementary Treatments

Shekelle 2014: Evidence map of acupuncture http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/publications/esp/acupuncture.pdf

Young-Dae 2014: Acupuncture for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580897/

Goyata 2016: Effects from acupuncture in treating anxiety: integrative review https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27355312

Chi-Chuan 2014: Successful treatment of phantom limb pain…in the traumatic amputee https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145449/

Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468806/

Mirror Therapy: Patient Selection Criteria: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/papr.12301/full

Veteran-Specific

VA Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT): http://www.visn4.va.gov/VISN4/CEPACT/what_is_pact.asp

VA PACT Care Management Handbook: https://www.va.gov/vhapublications/ViewPublication.asp?pub_ID=2977

Prevalence of PTSD in Veterans: http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/epidemiologicalfacts-ptsd.asp

Sleep Problems in veterans with PTSD: http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/cooccurring/sleep_problems_veterans_ptsd.asp

Gros 2015: Relations between Pain, PTSD Symptoms, and Substance Use in Veterans https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4867497/

Related Websites

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/media-guide/science-drugabuse-addiction-basics

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): https://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR): https://www.ninr.nih.gov/

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): https://www.va.gov/health/

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Systems (PROMIS): https://commonfund.nih.gov/promis/index

Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT): http://www.visn4.va.gov/VISN4/CEPACT/what_is_pact.asp

SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS
University of Rochester logo
University of Rochester